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… differed clearly in disease severity patterns and smoking habits, but not in microbiological characteristics.…

… examination. Common lifestyle factors – such as smoking, stress, obesity, diabetes, and an unhealthy diet –…

… of gingival recessions. The impact of cigarette smoking on the prevalence and severity of periodontal…

… were adopted by the EFP S3-level Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of stage IV periodontitis…

… closure was 61% NSR versus 86% PPF (p = .091). Smoking was associated with less PD reduction of almost 1…